John Dalton, born on the 6th of Semptember 1766.
He is an english Chemist, metreologist, physicists.
He is well known for modern atomic theory and his research for colorblindness which is now called, daltonisms.
His Influences was john gough.
Atomic Theory:
Thursday, July 8, 2010
Group 9: Que, Recio, Reyes, Sanchez
WHO IS DEMOCRITUS?
Back in ancient Greece, in a place named Abdera, Thace was born a boy named Democritus. His father was a wealthy man indeed. As he grew up, he was highly-esteemed like his fellow citizens. He never really was interested in anything. He was mostly silent and a simple boy. Most of his time was devoted to studying. His friend was Hippocrates. He was the student of Leuppicus. He was called "the Mocker" or the "Laughing Philosopher for he was always joking around. He became blind due to old age, and he died around the age of 90 - 101.
WHO WAS ARISTOTLE?
Aristotle was a boy born in Stageira, Chalcidice. He was trained and educated to be an aristocrat. He was a Philosopher; Plato's student, and Alexander the Great's Adviser. He was an important figure to the Western Philosophy's founding. He had attended Plato's academy in Athens at the age of 18. He was appointed head of Royal aCademy in Macedon.
UNDER CONSTRUCTION.
Back in ancient Greece, in a place named Abdera, Thace was born a boy named Democritus. His father was a wealthy man indeed. As he grew up, he was highly-esteemed like his fellow citizens. He never really was interested in anything. He was mostly silent and a simple boy. Most of his time was devoted to studying. His friend was Hippocrates. He was the student of Leuppicus. He was called "the Mocker" or the "Laughing Philosopher for he was always joking around. He became blind due to old age, and he died around the age of 90 - 101.
WHO WAS ARISTOTLE?
Aristotle was a boy born in Stageira, Chalcidice. He was trained and educated to be an aristocrat. He was a Philosopher; Plato's student, and Alexander the Great's Adviser. He was an important figure to the Western Philosophy's founding. He had attended Plato's academy in Athens at the age of 18. He was appointed head of Royal aCademy in Macedon.
UNDER CONSTRUCTION.
Character Profile of Niels Bohr
Why did he propose this model? And how did he come up with this model?
Bohr contradicted Rutherford`s Nuclear Model of the atom and started experimenting on how protons, electrons and neutrons are arranged in an atom. He invented a device that made these move together. In this experiment, he discovered that electrons orbit around the nucleus which contains the protons and neutrons.
When and What did he conduct in his experiment?
joseph louis proust
french chemist who was born in angers,france on september 26 1754, and died ion 1826
necame known abpout his reaserch work on thye stedinness of compopsition of chemical compounds
he analytically studied the two tin oxide and two iron sulfides
proving that had different composition and that there were no substances with intremidiate composition
his labratorial tests showed yhat the variable composition oxides
studied by berthellot were hydrated products
he also performed series of researches to characterize different tylpes of sugars
present in vegetable product
GRP.10
Danna Santos
Maia Tangco
Milana Tapawan
Ji u Yoon (Diana)
Lavoisier, Antoine (1743-1794)
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution; (26 August 1743 – 8 May 1794); (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃twan lɔʁɑ̃ də lavwazje]), the "father of modern chemistry", was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry and biology. He stated the first version of the law of conservation of mass, recognized and named oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783), abolished the phlogiston theory, helped construct the metric system, wrote the first extensive list of elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature. He discovered that, although matter may change its form or shape, its mass always remains the same. Over the 20 year period 1770 - 1790, the science of chemistry experienced a revolution so fundamental and so complete that there has been nothing like it since. The architect of the revolution was one man, Antoine Lavoisier. Lavoisier believed that weight was conserved through the course of chemical reactions even those involving gases. He explained combustion (and respiration) in terms of chemical reactions that involve a component of air which he called oxygen. His venue for the chemical revolution came in 1775, when he was appointed Commissioner of the Royal Gunpowder and Saltpeter Administration. As such, he was able to build a fine laboratory at the Paris Arsenal and make important connections to the scientific community of all of Europe. One of the first chemists to adopt Lavoisier's theories was Joseph Black who taught them as early as 1784.
Contributions to chemistry
Lavoisier demonstrated the role of oxygen in the rusting of metal, as well as oxygen's role in animal and plant respiration. Working with Pierre-Simon Laplace, Lavoisier conducted experiments that showed that respiration was essentially a slow combustion of organic material using inhaled oxygen. Lavoisier's explanation of combustion disproved the phlogiston theory, which postulated that materials released a substance called phlogiston when they burned.
GROUP 3
Constantino, Leslie
Cruz, Xyrill
Darocca, Tish
Dayo, Monica
John Dalton and His Atomic Model (Group 4) Kristine Gadia, Shenen Gazmen, Grazie De Guzman and Roeckl Desingano
John Dalton
Born: September 6 1766
Birthplace: Eaglesfield, Cumber, England
Death: July 27 1844
At the age of 15 he joined his brother Jonathan in running a Quaker's school. At the age of 24 he have decided to take up Law or Medicine but his family was not there to give him the support for his works. At 1793, he moved to Manchester. Through John Gough, a blind philosopher and polymath Dalton was able to have the knowledge about Science. He became a Mathematics and Natural Philosophist teacher at Manchester. And he became a private tutor at the said subjects. Dalton's early life was highly influenced by a prominent Eaglesfield Quaker named Elihu Robinson, a competent meteorologist and instrument maker, who got him interested in problems of mathematics and meteorology. Dalton contributed solutions of problems at different subjects during his times at Kendal. From 1787, he was able to enter 200,000 observation in his "meteological diary" for the past 57 years. He was able to publish his first writing, The Meteorological Observations and Essay in the year 1793.
Later Years
Dalton communicated his atomic theory to Thompson. Included an outline of it in the 3rd edition of the System Of Chemisty. He gave futher look to the first volume of his New System of Chemical Philisophy. The first part of the second colume did not appear till 1827. It was not explained by the care of preparation. The second part of vol. ii did not also appear.
His discovered was regarded by his self in importance to the atomic theory.
James Prescott Joule was one of his famous pupil.
John Dalton's atomic theory
John Dalton's theory says that the different elements could be based on the different atomic weight.. He stated his theory in a lecture to the Royal Institution in 1803.
Dalton's five main points in his atomic theory:
1.All matter is composed of atoms
2.Atoms cannot be made or destroyed
3.All atoms of the same element are identical
4.Different elements have different types of atoms
5.Chemical reactions occur when atoms are rearranged
6.Compounds are formed from atoms of the constituent elements.
Using his theory, Dalton explained numerous theories but his computation is not that accurate because he gave oxygen an atomic weight of 7 instead of 8. Despite these errors, Dalton's theory provided a logical explanation of concepts, and led the way into new fields of experimentation.
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dalton#Atomic_theory
http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/timeline//pages/1803.html
Born: September 6 1766
Birthplace: Eaglesfield, Cumber, England
Death: July 27 1844
At the age of 15 he joined his brother Jonathan in running a Quaker's school. At the age of 24 he have decided to take up Law or Medicine but his family was not there to give him the support for his works. At 1793, he moved to Manchester. Through John Gough, a blind philosopher and polymath Dalton was able to have the knowledge about Science. He became a Mathematics and Natural Philosophist teacher at Manchester. And he became a private tutor at the said subjects. Dalton's early life was highly influenced by a prominent Eaglesfield Quaker named Elihu Robinson, a competent meteorologist and instrument maker, who got him interested in problems of mathematics and meteorology. Dalton contributed solutions of problems at different subjects during his times at Kendal. From 1787, he was able to enter 200,000 observation in his "meteological diary" for the past 57 years. He was able to publish his first writing, The Meteorological Observations and Essay in the year 1793.
Later Years
Dalton communicated his atomic theory to Thompson. Included an outline of it in the 3rd edition of the System Of Chemisty. He gave futher look to the first volume of his New System of Chemical Philisophy. The first part of the second colume did not appear till 1827. It was not explained by the care of preparation. The second part of vol. ii did not also appear.He was the the President of the Lit and Phil until his death. In 1814, he explains the principles of the volumetric analysis. He was one of the earliest workers. in 1840, he was refused by the Royal Society. instead, he published it himself.
His discovered was regarded by his self in importance to the atomic theory.
James Prescott Joule was one of his famous pupil.
John Dalton's atomic theory
John Dalton's theory says that the different elements could be based on the different atomic weight.. He stated his theory in a lecture to the Royal Institution in 1803.
Dalton's five main points in his atomic theory:
1.All matter is composed of atoms
2.Atoms cannot be made or destroyed
3.All atoms of the same element are identical
4.Different elements have different types of atoms
5.Chemical reactions occur when atoms are rearranged
6.Compounds are formed from atoms of the constituent elements.
Using his theory, Dalton explained numerous theories but his computation is not that accurate because he gave oxygen an atomic weight of 7 instead of 8. Despite these errors, Dalton's theory provided a logical explanation of concepts, and led the way into new fields of experimentation.
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dalton#Atomic_theory
http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/timeline//pages/1803.html
Monica Dayo
Leslie Constantino
Tish Darroca
Born: August 26, 1743
Birthplace: Paris, France
Died: May 8, 1794
He is known as the Father of Modern Chemistry. His real interest, however, was in science, which he pursued with passion while leading a full public life. On the basis of his earliest scientific work, mostly in geology, he was elected in 1768—at the early age of 25—to the Academy of Sciences, France's most elite scientific society. In the same year he bought into the Ferme Générale, the private corporation that collected taxes for the Crown on a profit-and-loss basis. A few years later he married the daughter of another tax farmer, Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze, who was not quite 14 at the time. Madame Lavoisier prepared herself to be her husband's scientific collaborator by learning English to translate the work of British chemists like Joseph Priestley and by studying art and engraving to illustrate Antoine-Laurent's scientific experiments.
The most important chemical reaction that he performed was decomposition of the red oxide of mercury to form metallic mercury and the gas he named oxygen. He was the first to weigh all the substances present before and after the reaction. On realization from his quantitative experiments was that when coal was burned, it united with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. Therefore, he concluded that respiration was related to combustion. He found that matter was conserved and its amount remained constant. Because of his findings, this lead to the Law of Conservation of Mass. This law states that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change. The total mass of the reaction products is always equal to the total mass of the reactants. - Antoine Lavoisier, a French chemist, also discovered oxygen in 1775, was the first to recognize it as an element, and coined its name "oxygen" - which comes from a Greek word that means “acid-former”.
Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier conducts an experiment on human respiration in this drawing made by his wife, who depicted herself at the table on the far right. Courtesy Edgar Fahs Smith Memorial Collection, Department of Special Collections, University of Pennsylvania Library.
Analytical chemistry and chemical nomenclature
Lavoisier investigated the composition of water and air, which at the time were considered elements. He determined that the components of water were oxygen and hydrogen, and that air was a mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen and oxygen. With the French chemists Claude-Louis Berthollet, Antoine Fourcroy and Guyton de Morveau, Lavoisier devised a systematic chemical nomenclature. He described it in Méthode de nomenclature chimique (Method of Chemical Nomenclature, 1787). This system facilitated communication of discoveries between chemists of different backgrounds and is still largely in use today, including names such as sulfuric acid, sulfates, and sulfites.
Pioneer of stoichiometry
Laboratory equipment used by Lavoisier circa 1780s
Lavoisier's researches included some of the first truly quantitative chemical experiments. He carefully weighed the reactants and products in a chemical reaction, which was a crucial step in the advancement of chemistry. He showed that, although matter can change its state in a chemical reaction, the total mass of matter is the same at the end as at the beginning of every chemical change. Thus, for instance, if water is heated to steam, if salt is dissolved in water or if a piece of wood is burned to ashes, the total mass remains unchanged. His experiments supported the law of conservation of mass, which Lavoisier was the first to state,[2] although Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765) had previously expressed similar ideas in 1748 and proved them in experiments. Others who anticipated the work of Lavoisier include Joseph Black (1728–1799), Henry Cavendish (1731–1810), and Jean Rey (1583–1645).
The work of Lavoisier was translated in Japan in the 1840s, through the process of Rangaku. Page from Udagawa Yōan's 1840 Seimi Kaisō
LEGACY
Lavoisier's fundamental contributions to chemistry were a result of a conscious effort to fit all experiments into the framework of a single theory. He established the consistent use of the chemical balance, used oxygen to overthrow the phlogiston theory, and developed a new system of chemical nomenclature which held that oxygen was an essential constituent of all acids (which later turned out to be erroneous). Lavoisier also did early research in physical chemistry and thermodynamics in joint experiments with Laplace. They used a calorimeter to estimate the heat evolved per unit of carbon dioxide produced, eventually finding the same ratio for a flame and animals, indicating that animals produced energy by a type of combustion reactionLavoisier also contributed to early ideas on composition and chemical changes by stating the radical theory, believing that radicals, which function as a single group in a chemical process, combine with oxygen in reactions. He also introduced the possibility of allotropy in chemical elements when he discovered that diamond is a crystalline form of carbon.
However, much to his professional detriment, Lavoisier discovered no new substances, devised no really novel apparatus, and worked out no improved methods of preparation. He was essentially a theorist, and his great merit lay in the capacity of taking over experimental work that others had carried out—without always adequately recognizing their claims—and by a rigorous logical procedure, reinforced by his own quantitative experiments, of expounding the true explanation of the results. He completed the work of Black, Priestley and Cavendish, and gave a correct explanation of their experiments.
Detail of picture of a combustion experimentOverall, his contributions are considered the most important in advancing chemistry to the level reached in physics and mathematics during the 18th century.[8]
- Constant pressure calorimeter , engraving made by madame Lavoisier for thermochemistry experiments
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